consul 音标拼音: [k'ɑnsəl]
n . 领事,执政官
领事,执政官
consul n 1 :
a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country Consul \
Con "
sul \ (
k [
o ^]
n "
s [
u ^]
l ),
n . [
L .,
prob .
fr .
consulere to deliberate .
See {
Consult }.]
1 . (
Rom .
Antiq .)
One of the two chief magistrates of the republic .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
They were chosen annually ,
originally from the patricians only ,
but later from the plebeians also .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
A senator ;
a counselor . [
Obs .]
[
1913 Webster ]
Many of the consuls ,
raised and met ,
Are at the duke '
s already . --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
With kings and consuls of the earth . --
Job .
iii .
14 (
Douay Ver . )
[
1913 Webster ]
3 . (
Fr .
Hist .)
One of the three chief magistrates of France from 1799 to 1804 ,
who were called ,
respectively ,
first ,
second ,
and third consul .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
An official commissioned to reside in some foreign country ,
to care for the commercial interests of the citizens of the appointing government ,
and to protect its seamen .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Consul general },
a consul of the first rank ,
stationed in an important place ,
or having jurisdiction in several places or over several consuls .
{
Vice consul },
a consular officer holding the place of a consul during the consul '
s absence or after he has been relieved .
[
1913 Webster ]
30 Moby Thesaurus words for "
consul ":
ambassador ,
ambassadress ,
apostolic delegate ,
attache ,
career diplomat ,
chancellor ,
charge ,
commercial attache ,
consul general ,
consular agent ,
diplomat ,
diplomatic ,
diplomatic agent ,
diplomatist ,
emissary ,
envoy ,
envoy extraordinary ,
foreign service officer ,
internuncio ,
legate ,
military attache ,
minister ,
minister plenipotentiary ,
minister resident ,
nuncio ,
plenipotentiary ,
resident ,
secretary of legation ,
vice -
consul ,
vice -
legate A {constraint }-based [{future }-based ?] language
with {Lisp }-like {syntax }.
["Consul : A Parallel Constraint Language ", D . Baldwin , IEEE
Software 6 (4 ):62 -71 ].
(1994 -11 -30 )CONSUL ,
government ,
commerce .
Consuls are commercial agent '
s appointed by a government to reside in the seaports of a foreign country ,
and commissioned to watch over the commercial rights and privileges of the nation deputing them .
A vice -
consul is one acting in the place of a consul .
2 .
Consuls have been greatly multiplied .
Their duties and privileges are now generally limited ,
defined and secured by commercial treaties ,
or by the laws of the countries they represent .
As a general rule ,
it may be laid down that they represent the subjects or citizens of their own nation ,
not otherwise represented .
Bee ,
R .
209 3 Wheat .
R .
435 ;
6 .
Wheat .
R .,
152 ;
10 Wheat .
66 ;
1 Mason '
s R .
14 .
3 .
This subject will be considered by a view ,
first ,
of the appointment ,
duties ,
powers ,
rights ,
and liabilities of American consuls ;
and secondly ,
of the recognition ,
duties ,
rights ,
and liabilities of foreign consuls .
4 .-
1 .
Of American consuls .
First .
The president authorized by the Constitution of the United States ,
art .
2 ,
s .
2 ,
el .
3 ,
to nominate ,
and ,
by and with the advice and consent of the senate ,
appoint consuls .
5 .-
Secondly .
Each consul and vice -
consul is required ,
before he enters on the execution of his office ,
to give bond ,
with such sureties as shall be approved by the secretary of state ,
in a sum not less than two thousand nor more than ten thousand dollars ,
conditioned for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office ,
and also for truly accounting for all moneys ,
goods and effects which may come into his possession by virtue of the act of 14th April ,
1792 ,
which bond is to be lodged in the office of the secretary of State .
Act of April 14 ,
1792 ,
sect .
6 .
6 .-
Thirdly .
They have the power and are required to perform many duties in relation to the commerce of the United States and towards masters of ships ,
mariners ,
and other citizens of the United States ;
among these are the authority to receive protests or declarations which captains ,
masters ,
crews ,
passengers ,
merchants ,
and others make relating to American commerce ;
they are required to administer on the estate of American citizens ,
dying within their consulate ,
and leaving no legal representatives ,
when the laws of the country permit it ; [
see 2 Curt .
Ecc .
R .
241 ]
to take charge and secure the effects of stranded American vessels in the absence of the master ,
owner or consignee ;
to settle disputes between masters of vessels and the mariners ;
to provide for destitute seamen within their consulate ,
and send them to the United States ,
at the public expense .
See Act of 14th April ,
1792 ;
Act of 28th February ,
1803 ,
ch .
62 ;
Act of 20th July ,
1840 ,
Ch .
23 .
The consuls are also authorized to make certificates of certain facts in certain cases ,
which receive faith and credit in the courts of the United States .
But those consular certificates are not to be received in evidence ,
unless they are given in the performance of a consular function ;
2 Cranch ,
R .
187 ;
Paine ,
R .
594 ;
2 Wash .
C .
C .
R .
478 ;
1 Litt .
R .
71 ;
nor are they evidence ,
between persons not parties or privies to the transaction ,
of any fact ,
unless ,
either expressly or impliedly ,
made so by statute .
2 Sumn .
R .
355 .
7 .-
Fourthly .
Their rights are to be protected agreeably to the laws of nations ,
and of the treaties made between the nation to which they are sent ,
and the United States .
They are entitled ,
by the act of 14th April ,
1792 ,
s .
4 ,
to receive certain fees ,
which are there enumerated .
And the consuls in certain places ,
as London ,
Paris ,
and the Barbary states ,
receive ,
besides ,
a salary .
8 .-
Fifthly .
A consul is liable for negligence or omission to perform ,
seasonably ,
the duties imposed upon him ,
or for any malversation or abuse of power ,
to any injured person ,
for all damages occasioned thereby ;
and for all malversation and corrupt conduct in office ,
a consul is liable to indictment ,
and ,
on conviction by any court of competent jurisdiction ,
shall be fined not less than one ,
nor more than ten thousand dollars ;
and be imprisoned not less than one nor more than five years .
Act of July 20 ,
1840 ,
ch .
23 ,
cl .
18 .
The act of February 28 ,
1803 ,
ss .
7 and 8 ,
imposes heavy penalties for falsely and knowingly certifying that property belonging to foreigners is the property of citizens of the United States ;
or for granting a passport ,
or other paper ,
certifying that any alien ,
knowing him or her to be such ,
is a citizen of the United States .
9 .
The duties of consuls residing on the Barbary coast are prescribed by a particular statute .
Act of May 1 ,
1810 ,
S .
4 .
10 .-
2 .
Of foreign consuls .
First .
Before a consul can perform any duties in the United States ,
he must be recognized by the president of the United States ,
and have received his exequatur . (
q .
v .)
11 .-
Secondly .
A consul is clothed only with authority for commercial purposes ,
and he has a right to interpose claims for the restitution of property belonging to the citizens or subjects of the country he represents ;
10 Wheat .
R .
66 ;
1 Mason R .
14 ;
See ,
R .
209 ;
6 Wheat .
R .
152 ;
but he is not to be considered as a minister or diplomatic Agent ,
entrusted by virtue of his office to represent his sovereign in negotiations with foreign states .
3 Wheat ,
R .
435 .
12 .-
Thirdly .
Consuls are generally invested with special privileges by local laws and usages ,
or by international compact ;
but by the laws of nations they are not entitled to the peculiar immunities of ambassadors .
In civil and criminal cases ,
they are subject to the local laws in the same manner with other foreign residents owing a temporary allegiance to the state .
Wicquefort ,
De l '
Ambassadeur ,
liv .
1 ,
Sec .
5 ;
Bynk .
cap .
10 Martens ,
Droit des Gens ,
liv .
4 ,
c .
3 ,
Sec .
148 .
In the United States ,
the act of September 24th ,
1789 ,
s .
13 gives to the supreme court original ,
but not exclusive jurisdiction of all suits in which a consul or vice -
consul shall be a party .
The act last cited ,
section 9 ,
gives to the district courts of the United States ,
jurisdiction exclusively of the courts of the several states ,
of all suits against consuls or vice -
consuls ,
except for offences where whipping exceeding thirty stripes ,
a fine exceeding one hundred dollars ,
or a term of imprisonment exceeding six months ,
is inflicted .
For offences punishable beyond these penalties ,
the circuit has jurisdiction in the case of consuls .
5 S . &
R .
545 .
See 1 Binn .
143 ;
2 Dall .
299 ;
2 N . &
M .
217 ;
3 Pick .
R .
80 ;
1 Green ,
R .
107 ;
17 Johns .
10 ;
6 Pet .
R .
41 ;
7 Pet .
R .
276 ;
6 Wend .
327 .
13 .-
Fourthly .
His functions may be suspended at any time by the government to which he is sent ,
and his exequatur revoked .
In general ,
a consul is not liable ,
personally ,
on a contract made in his official capacity on account of his government .
3 Dall .
384 .
14 .
During the middle ages ,
the term consul was sometimes applied to ordinary judges ;
and ,
in the Levant ,
maritime judges are yet called consuls .
1 Boul .
Paty ,
Dr .
Mar .
Tit .
Prel .
s .
2 ,
p .
57 .
15 .
Among the Romans ,
consuls were chief magistrates who were annually elected by the people ,
and were invested with powers and functions similar to those of kings .
See ,
generally ,
Abbott on Ship .
210 ;
2 Bro .
Civ .
Law ,
503 ;
Merl .
Repert .
h .
t .;
Ayl .
Pand .
160 ;
Warden on Consuls ;
Marten on Consuls ;
Borel ,
de l '
Origine ,
et des Fonctions des Consuls ;
Rawle on the Const .
222 ,
223 ;
Story on the Const .
Sec .
1654 Serg .
Const .
Law ,
225 ;
Azuni ,
Mar .
Law ,
part 1 ,
c .
4 ,
art .
8 ,
Sec .
7 .
安装中文字典英文字典查询工具!
中文字典英文字典工具:
复制到剪贴板
英文字典中文字典相关资料:
Microsoft Support Microsoft Support is here to help you with Microsoft products Find how-to articles, videos, and training for Microsoft Copilot, Microsoft 365, Windows 11, Surface, and more
Contact Us - Microsoft Support Contact Microsoft Support Find solutions to common problems, or get help from a support agent
Microsoft 365 Customer Service and Support The type of support Microsoft provides for consumers depends on the product you're calling about and if you have a product for home or for business use It can also depend on if you want help for an issue with a service like OneDrive or Outlook com, or help with Windows, but you don't have an existing Microsoft 365 subscription
Account help - support. microsoft. com Get help for the account you use with Microsoft Find how to set up Microsoft account, protect it, and use it to manage your services and subscriptions
Home | Microsoft Community Hub Microsoft Learn Discover new skills, find certifications, and advance your career with interactive, hands-on learning paths Find out more Microsoft Support Search our database of official Microsoft support documentation Find how-to articles, videos, and training for Office, Windows, Surface, and more Find out more Microsoft Diversity and
May 12, 2026—KB5089549 (OS Builds 26200. 8457 and 26100. 8457 . . . Improvements This update includes new features and quality improvements that were part of the following update: April 14, 2026—KB5083769 (OS Builds 26200 8246 and 26100 8246) April 30, 2026—KB5083631 (OS Builds 26200 8328 and 26100 8328) Preview This update addresses security vulnerabilities documented in the following guide: May 2026 Security Updates The following summary outlines key
Share your calendar in Outlook - Microsoft Support Training: In Microsoft Outlook, you can share your calendar with other people and open a shared calendar Learn how in this online video
Download OneDrive - Microsoft Support Contact Support For help with your Microsoft account and subscriptions, visit Account Billing Help For technical support, go to Contact Microsoft Support, enter your problem and select Get Help If you still need help, select Contact Support to be routed to the best support option Admins Admins should view Help for OneDrive Admins, the OneDrive Tech Community or contact Microsoft 365 for
Facilitator in Microsoft Teams meetings Facilitator in Microsoft Teams meetings The Facilitator agent works within Teams meetings for more effective collaboration, including the following features: Generates real-time AI-generated notes during meetings, allowing everyone to co-author and collaborate seamlessly Summarizes key decisions and open questions from meeting discussion
Windows help and learning - support. microsoft. com Find help and how-to articles for Windows operating systems Get support for Windows and learn about installation, updates, privacy, security and more