falstaff 音标拼音: [f'ɔlst
, æf]
n . 莎士比亚剧中一吹牛骑士
莎士比亚剧中一吹牛骑士
Falstaff n 1 :
a dissolute character in Shakespeare '
s plays [
synonym :
{
Falstaff }, {
Sir John Falstaff }]
Falstaff \
Falstaff \
prop .
n .
Sir John Falstaff ,
a celebrated character in Shakespeare '
s historical play "
Henry IV ." (
1st and 2d parts ),
and also in "
The Merry Wives of Windsor ."
He is a very fat ,
sensual ,
and witty old knight ;
a swindler ,
drunkard ,
and good -
tempered liar ;
and something of a coward .
Falstaff was originally called {
Sir John Oldcastle }.
The first actor of the part was John Heminge .
[
Century Dict .
1906 ]
Note :
Shakespeare found the name of John Oldcastle in the ...
older play of "
Henry V .";
in the Chronicle he found a John Oldcastle ,
who was page to the Duke of Norfolk who plays a part in "
Richard II .";
and this ,
according to Shakespeare ,
his Falstaff (
Oldcastle )
had been in his youth .
When the poet wrote his "
Henry IV ."
he knew not who this Oldcastle was ,
whom he had rendered so distinct with the designation as Norfolk '
s page ;
he was a Lord Cobham [
Sir John Oldcastle ,
known as the good lord Cobham ],
who had perished as a Lollard and Wickliffite in the persecution of the church under Henry V .
The Protestants regarded him as a holy martyr ,
the Catholics as a heretic ;
the latter seized with eagerness this description of the fat poltroon ,
and gave it out as a portrait of Lord Cobham ,
who was indeed physically and mentally his contrast .
The family complained of this misuse of a name dear to them ,
and Shakespeare declared in the epilogue to "
Henry IV ."
that Cobham was in his sight also a martyr ,
and that "
this was not the man ."
At the same time ,
he changed the name to Falstaff ,
but this was of little use ;
in spite of the express retraction ,
subsequent Catholic writers on church history still declared Falstaff to be a portrait of the heretic Cobham .
But it is a strange circumstance that even now under the name of Falstaff another historical character is again sought for ,
just as if it were impossible for such a vigorous form not to be a being of reality .
It was referred to John Fastolfe ,
whose cowardice is more stigmatised in "
Henry VI ."
than history justifies ;
and this too met with public blame ,
although Shakespeare could have again asserted that he intended Fastolfe as little as Cobham .
--
Gervinus ,
Shakespeare Commentaries (
tr .
by K .
E .
Bunnett , [
ed .
1880 ),
p .
800 .
[
Century Dict .
1906 ]
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