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circulation    音标拼音: [s'ɚkjəl,eʃən]
n. 流通,循环,发行量

流通,循环,发行量

circulation
循环

circulation
循环

circulation
n 1: the dissemination of copies of periodicals (as newspapers
or magazines)
2: movement through a circuit; especially the movement of blood
through the heart and blood vessels
3: (library science) the count of books that are loaned by a
library over a specified period
4: number of copies of a newspaper or magazine that are sold;
"by increasing its circulation the newspaper hoped to
increase its advertising"
5: free movement or passage (as of cytoplasm within a cell or
sap through a plant); "ocean circulation is an important part
of global climate"; "a fan aids air circulation"
6: the spread or transmission of something (as news or money) to
a wider group or area

Circulation \Cir`cu*la"tion\, n. [L. circulatio: cf. F.
circulation.]
1. The act of moving in a circle, or in a course which brings
the moving body to the place where its motion began.
[1913 Webster]

This continual circulation of human things. --Swift.
[1913 Webster]

2. The act of passing from place to place or person to
person; free diffusion; transmission.
[1913 Webster]

The true doctrines of astronomy appear to have had
some popular circulation. --Whewell.
[1913 Webster]

3. Currency; circulating coin; notes, bills, etc., current
for coin.
[1913 Webster]

4. The extent to which anything circulates or is circulated;
the measure of diffusion; as, the circulation of a
newspaper.
[1913 Webster]

5. (Physiol.) The movement of the blood in the blood-vascular
system, by which it is brought into close relations with
almost every living elementary constituent. Also, the
movement of the sap in the vessels and tissues of plants.
[1913 Webster]

158 Moby Thesaurus words for "circulation":
Rh factor, Rh-negative, Rh-positive, Rh-type, Rhesus factor,
advertisement, airing, angular momentum, angular motion,
angular velocity, announcement, antibody, antigen, arterial blood,
axial motion, bandying, blood, blood bank, blood cell, blood count,
blood donor, blood donor center, blood group, blood grouping,
blood picture, blood platelet, blood pressure, blood serum,
blood substitute, bloodmobile, bloodstream, book, bowling,
broadcast, broadcasting, bruiting, bruiting about, centrifugation,
circling, circuit, circuition, circuitousness, circuitry,
circularity, circumambience, circumambiency, circumambulation,
circumflexion, circumgyration, circumlocution, circummigration,
circumnavigation, circumrotation, circumvolution, clinical dextran,
course, demonetization, devaluation, deviance, deviancy, deviation,
deviousness, dextran, diffusion, digression, display,
dissemination, distribution, erythrocyte, evulgation, excursion,
excursus, flow, flowing, full circle, globulin, gore, grume,
gyration, gyre, gyring, hematics, hematologist, hematology,
hematoscope, hematoscopy, hemocyte, hemoglobin, hemometer, humor,
ichor, indirection, isoantibody, issuance, issue, issuing,
leukocyte, lifeblood, meandering, monetization, motion, neutrophil,
opsonin, orbit, orbiting, passage, periodical, phagocyte, pivoting,
plasma, plasma substitute, printing, proclamation, promulgation,
pronouncement, propagation, publication, publishing, red corpuscle,
reeling, revaluation, revolution, roll, rolling, rotation,
rotational motion, round, roundaboutness, rounding, serum, spin,
spinning, spiral, spiraling, spread, spreading, spreading abroad,
swinging, swirling, swiveling, telecasting, transmission, trolling,
trundling, turbination, turn, turning, type O, venous blood,
ventilation, volutation, volution, wheel, wheeling, whir, whirl,
whirling, white corpuscle


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  • American Heart Association Journals
    Circulation Representing the best in the field of cardiovascular medicine and science as well as basic science Editor-in-Chief: Joseph A Hill, MD, PhD View latest issue
  • Vol 153, No 13 | Circulation - AHA ASA Journals
    Explore the latest research and articles on cardiovascular health and disease in Circulation's current issue
  • 2026 AHA ACC ACCP ACEP CHEST SCAI SHM SIR SVM SVN Guideline for the . . .
    Category E1 is compatible with SCAI SHOCK stage C 3 Category E2 is defined by refractory cardiogenic shock (SCAI D-E) or cardiac arrest without restoration of spontaneous circulation after 30 minutes of resuscitation Respiratory failure in category E-R is defined by the need for noninvasive or invasive positive pressure ventilation
  • Forecasting the Burden of Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke in Women in . . .
    Forecasts for the future prevalence of cardiovascular disease and stroke are crucial to guide efforts to improve health outcomes across the life course for women
  • Reactivation of Oxidized Soluble Guanylate Cyclase as a Novel Treatment . . .
    Pharmacological treatments for fibrocalcific aortic valve stenosis (FCAVS) have been elusive for >50 years Here, we tested the hypothesis that reactivation of oxidized sGC (soluble guanylate cyclase), the primary receptor for nitric oxide, with ataciguat is a safe and efficacious strategy to slow progression of FCAVS
  • 2025 ACC AHA ACEP NAEMSP SCAI Guideline for the Management of Patients . . .
    When this occurs in the epicardial vessels of the coronary circulation, the presence of thrombus may compromise flow to the myocardium, leading to myocardial ischemia and eventual myonecrosis
  • | AHA ASA Journals
    Circulation publishes original research manuscripts, review articles, and other content related to cardiovascular health and disease, including observational studies, clinical trials, epidemiology, health services and outcomes studies, and advances in basic and translational research
  • 2025 AHA ACC AANP AAPA ABC ACCP ACPM AGS AMA ASPC NMA PCNA SGIM . . .
    High blood pressure is the most prevalent and modifiable risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, dementia, chronic kidney disease, and all-cause mortality The overarching blood pressure treatment goal is <130 80 mm Hg for all adults, with additional considerations for those who require
  • 2025 ACC AHA HRS ISACHD SCAI Guideline for the Management of Adults . . .
    The biventricular circulation and systemic left ventricle share the greatest anatomic and physiological similarities with heart failure patients in clinical trials; extrapolation from the heart failure literature is most appropriate in this population
  • Risk-Based Primary Prevention of Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement . . .
    The growing morbidity, mortality, and health care costs related to heart failure (HF) underscore the urgent need to prioritize its primary prevention Whereas a risk-based approach for HF prevention remains in its infancy, several key opportunities exist to actualize this paradigm in clinical practice First, the 2022 American Heart Association American College of Cardiology Heart Failure





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