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mutation    音标拼音: [mjut'eʃən]
n. 变化,转变,元音变化

变化,转变,母音变化

mutation
n 1: (biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting
from chromosomal alteration [synonym: {mutant}, {mutation},
{variation}, {sport}]
2: (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any
alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the
genotype of an organism [synonym: {mutation}, {genetic mutation},
{chromosomal mutation}]
3: a change or alteration in form or qualities

mutation \mu*ta"tion\ (m[-u]*t[=a]"sh[u^]n), n. [L. mutatio, fr.
mutare to change: cf. F. mutation. See {Mutable}.]
Change; alteration, either in form or qualities.
[1913 Webster]

The vicissitude or mutations in the superior globe are
no fit matter for this present argument. --Bacon.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Biol.) Gradual definitely tending variation, such as may
be observed in a group of organisms in the fossils of
successive geological levels.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

3. (Biol.)
(a) As now employed (first by de Vries), a cellular
process resulting in a sudden inheritable variation
(the offspring differing from its parents in some
well-marked character or characters) as distinguished
from a gradual variation in which the new characters
become fully developed only in the course of many
generations. The occurrence of mutations, the
selection of strains carrying mutations permitting
enhanced survival under prevailing conditions, and the
mechanism of hereditary of the characters so
appearing, are well-established facts; whether and to
what extent the mutation process has played the most
important part in the evolution of the existing
species and other groups of organisms is an unresolved
question.
(b) The result of the above process; a suddenly produced
variation.

Note: Mutations can occur by a change in the fundamental
coding sequence of the hereditary material, which in
most organisms is DNA, but in some viruses is RNA. It
can also occur by rearrangement of an organism's
chromosomes. Specific mutations due to a change in DNA
sequence have been recognized as causing certain
specific hereditary diseases. Certain processes which
produce variation in the genotype of an organism, such
as sexual mixing of chromosomes in offspring, or
artificially induced recombination or introduction of
novel genetic material into an organism, are not
referred to as mutation.
[Webster 1913 Suppl. PJC]

4. (Biol.) a variant strain of an organism in which the
hereditary variant property is caused by a mutation[3].
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

64 Moby Thesaurus words for "mutation":
ablaut, acoustic phonetics, alteration, altering, anomaly,
articulatory phonetics, avatar, betacism, catabolism, catalysis,
change, changing, consubstantiation, departure, deviant, deviation,
displacement, evolution, evolving, gradation, heterotopia,
innovation, metabolism, metagenesis, metamorphism, metamorphosing,
metamorphosis, metastasis, metathesis, metempsychosis,
modification, modifying, morphophonemics, mutant, mutated form,
novelty, orthoepy, permutation, phonetics, phonology,
reincarnation, rhotacism, sound shift, sport, transanimation,
transfiguration, transfigurement, transformation, transforming,
transformism, translation, translocation, transmigration,
transmogrification, transmutation, transmuting, transposition,
transubstantiation, turn, umlaut, variant, variation, varying,
vicissitude

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  • Mutation | Definition, Causes, Types, Facts | Britannica
    Mutation, an alteration in the genetic material (the genome) of a cell of a living organism or of a virus that is more or less permanent and that can be transmitted to the cell’s or the virus’s descendants
  • Mutation - Wikipedia
    In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA [1] Mutations result from errors during replication, mitosis, meiosis, or damage to DNA, which then may trigger error-prone repair [2] or cause an error during replication (translesion synthesis)
  • Mutation
    A mutation is a change in a DNA sequence Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals called mutagens, or infection by viruses
  • What is a mutation and what causes mutations? - YourGenome
    A mutation is a change that occurs in our DNA sequence This can be caused by normal processes inside the cell or by environmental factors, such as UV light
  • What Are Genetic Mutations, Their Causes, and Effects?
    A mutation is like a change in this recipe, such as a misplaced ingredient or an altered instruction These changes can range from a single “letter” (nucleotide) being swapped for another, to much larger modifications involving entire segments of the genetic code
  • What is a Mutation? Understanding DNA Changes and Their . . .
    To understand mutation is to appreciate both the fragility and resilience of life It reveals how a single letter change in a molecule can alter the course of history—or the fate of an individual
  • Genetic Mutation: Definition, Types, Functions, and More - Health
    A genetic mutation is an alteration in the genetic code found in DNA Mutations can be harmful, neutral, or helpful and play a role in evolution
  • Mutation – Types, Causes, Mechanisms, Agents, Importance
    What is Mutation? Mutation refers to a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome This change can occur due to intrinsic factors, such as errors during DNA replication, or extrinsic factors, including exposure to environmental elements like UV light





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