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temperament    音标拼音: [t'ɛmprəmənt] [t'ɛmpɚmənt]
n. 气质,性质,性情

气质,性质,性情

temperament
n 1: your usual mood; "he has a happy disposition" [synonym:
{disposition}, {temperament}]
2: excessive emotionalism or irritability and excitability
(especially when displayed openly)
3: an adjustment of the intervals (as in tuning a keyboard
instrument) so that the scale can be used to play in
different keys

Temperament \Tem"per*a*ment\, n. [L. temperamentum a mixing in
due proportion, proper measure, temperament: cf. F.
temp['e]rament. See {Temper}, v. t.]
1. Internal constitution; state with respect to the relative
proportion of different qualities, or constituent parts.
[1913 Webster]

The common law . . . has reduced the kingdom to its
just state and temperament. --Sir M. Hale.
[1913 Webster]

2. Due mixture of qualities; a condition brought about by
mutual compromises or concessions. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]

However, I forejudge not any probable expedient, any
temperament that can be found in things of this
nature, so disputable on their side. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]

3. The act of tempering or modifying; adjustment, as of
clashing rules, interests, passions, or the like; also,
the means by which such adjustment is effected.
[1913 Webster]

Wholesome temperaments of the rashness of popular
assemblies. --Sir J.
Mackintosh.
[1913 Webster]

4. Condition with regard to heat or cold; temperature. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]

Bodies are denominated "hot" and "cold" in
proportion to the present temperament of that part
of our body to which they are applied. --Locke.
[1913 Webster]

5. (Mus.) A system of compromises in the tuning of organs,
pianofortes, and the like, whereby the tones generated
with the vibrations of a ground tone are mutually modified
and in part canceled, until their number reduced to the
actual practicable scale of twelve tones to the octave.
This scale, although in so far artificial, is yet closely
suggestive of its origin in nature, and this system of
tuning, although not mathematically true, yet satisfies
the ear, while it has the convenience that the same twelve
fixed tones answer for every key or scale, C[sharp]
becoming identical with D[flat], and so on.
[1913 Webster]

6. (Physiol.) The peculiar physical and mental character of
an individual, in olden times erroneously supposed to be
due to individual variation in the relations and
proportions of the constituent parts of the body,
especially of the fluids, as the bile, blood, lymph, etc.
Hence the phrases, bilious or choleric temperament,
sanguine temperament, etc., implying a predominance of one
of these fluids and a corresponding influence on the
temperament.
[1913 Webster]

{Equal temperament} (Mus.), that in which the variations from
mathematically true pitch are distributed among all the
keys alike.

{Unequal temperament} (Mus.), that in which the variations
are thrown into the keys least used.
[1913 Webster]

93 Moby Thesaurus words for "temperament":
animus, aptitude, bent, bias, body-build, brand, cast, character,
characteristic, characteristics, chromatic scale, compass,
complexion, composition, constituents, constitution, crasis,
dharma, diapason, diathesis, disposition, dodecuple scale,
eccentricity, enharmonic scale, ethos, fiber, frame, gamut, genius,
grain, great scale, habit, hue, humor, humors, idiosyncrasy, ilk,
inclination, individualism, individuality, kidney, kind, leaning,
major scale, make, makeup, melodic minor, mental set, mentality,
mettle, mind, mind-set, minor scale, mold, nature, octave scale,
pentatonic scale, personality, physique, predilection,
predisposition, preference, proclivity, propensity, property,
quality, range, register, scale, set, slant, somatotype, sort,
spirit, stamp, strain, streak, stripe, suchness, system, temper,
tendency, tenor, tone, tuning, turn, turn of mind, twist, type,
vein, warp, way, whole-tone scale


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